解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::Despite being the commonest bacterial cause of infectious intestinal disease (IID) in England and Wales, outbreaks of campylobacter infection are rarely reported. However, data from the Campylobacter Sentinel Surveillance Scheme suggested that outbreaks might be more common than was previously suspected, since a high ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::From 1 January 1992 to 31 December 2000, 27 milkborne general outbreaks of infectious intestinal disease (IID) were reported to the Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS) Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre (CDSC). These outbreaks represented a fraction (2%) of all outbreaks of foodborne origin (N = 1774) report...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transmission of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) within and between herds was studied on the island of Ameland, The Netherlands. There were 50 herds with 3300 head of cattle on the island. Herds were divided into three groups: (1) only containing seronegative cattle, (2) containing seronegative cattle and vaccinated seropo...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neonatal tetanus (NT) elimination, < 1 case per 1,000 live births (LB), was assessed at district level in Zimbabwe using a combined lot quality assurance-cluster sampling survey (LQA-CS). Three of the highest risk districts were selected. NT was considered eliminated if fewer than a specified number of NT deaths (prox...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268802008233
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Faecal samples from 146 diarrhoeic lambs and goat kids, and from 511 healthy sheep and goats were screened for the presence of Vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC). In healthy sheep and goats, VTEC were isolated in 24.4 and 16.2% of the animals, respectively. Moreover, VTEC were detected in 3.1 and 5.9% of...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268802008154
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the socio-economic impact of infectious intestinal disease (IID) on the health care sector, cases and their families, cases of IID ascertained from a population cohort component and those presenting to general practices were sent a socio-economic questionnaire 3 weeks after the acute episode. The impact of t...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268802007690
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The emergence of dengue haemorrhagic fever is a public health problem in Latin America and the Caribbean. This study, carried out in French Guiana where malaria is endemic, evaluated the value and the limitations of a non-specific alert system including all patients admitted to the emergency department of Cayenne Hosp...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268802007641
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We aimed to provide a quantitative description of decay in pertussis antibody levels to aid in finding a serological estimate of the incidence of pertussis. The serum IgG response against pertussis toxin was studied in a group of clinically diagnosed patients. Individual records consisted of repeated serum IgG measure...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268802007896
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a prospective observational study 4,485 patients from 46 clinical centres in 17 European countries were followed between April 1994 and November 1996. Information on AIDS-defining events (ADEs) were collected together with basic demographic data, treatment history and laboratory results. The centres were divided in...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268802007719
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phylogenetic analyses of bartonella have suggested divergence between bartonellae that infect mammals native to the Old and New Worlds. We characterized bartonella isolated from Eastern grey squirrels (Sciurius carolinensis) in the United States and from grey and red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) in the United Kingdom ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268802007768
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Toxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 and O139 serogroups have the capacity of causing epidemic and pandemic cholera but are infrequently found in the environment. The other serogroups are abundant in aquatic environments but do not possess the virulence genes necessary for causing the disease. Of the 559 environmental strains...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268802007392
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Roughly half (54%) of the 910 young conscripts at a garrison in Finland were vaccinated with commercial influenza vaccines in autumn 1998. During the influenza outbreak in February 1999, 12 H3N2-subtype virus strains were isolated from vaccinated patients, and 11 such strains were isolated from unvaccinated patients. ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268802007410
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This manuscript extends our previously published work (based on data from one clinic) on the association between three drinking water-treatment modalities (boiling, filtering, and bottling) and diarrhoeal disease in HIV-positive persons by incorporating data from two additional clinics collected in the following year....
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268802007422
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::An outbreak of Norwalk-like calicivirus (NLV) gastroenteritis occurred in a rehabilitation centre in southern Finland between December 1999 and February 2000. An epidemiological investigation was conducted to determine the source and extent of the outbreak. More than 300 guests and staff members became ill during the ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268802007276
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Demographic and epidemiological field data were used in a deterministic model to describe dog rabies transmission in Machakos District, Kenya and to predict the impact of potential vaccination strategies for its control. The basic reproduction number (R0) was estimated to be 2.44 (1.52-3.36, 95% confidence limits). Th...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268802006957
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a study of three high-risk occupational groups using Rose Bengal and complement fixation tests, the highest prevalence (7.1%) was found among dairy farm workers and owners in randomly selected dairy-cattle farms, followed by veterinary personnel (4.5%) and inhabitants in pastoralist areas (3.0%). There was no evide...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268802007215
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The molecular epidemiology of a representative collection of sporadic foreign and domestically acquired Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) isolates from Norwegian patients in 1996-9 was studied by numerical analysis of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles. Three subclusters (E5, F1 and G1) comprised 4...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268802007045
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sera from an age-stratified sample of 4188 individuals, submitted for diagnostic purposes to 15 public health laboratories in England and Wales in 1996, were tested for hepatitis A antibody. The serological profiles were consistent with declining incidence in the past. This hypothesis was tested by comparing the serol...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095026880200701x
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two enterotoxins, shigella enterotoxin 1 (SHET1) and shigella enterotoxin 2 (SHET2) have been recently characterized and are believed to play a role in the clinical manifestation of shigellosis. One hundred and twenty-one isolates of Shigella spp. of 13 different serotypes and variants and 10 isolates of enteroinvasiv...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268802006866
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A review of the epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal disease in Scotland was carried out using data from laboratory-based systems during the period 1988-99. This comprised 5456 (90.8%) isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from blood, 467 (7.8%) from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and 84 (1.4%) from other sterile sites. Th...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim was to determine the prevalence of HIV infection and risk factors for HIV infection in various population subgroups in Ethiopia. Serum panels from blood donors (n = 2610), from various population subgroups in Ethiopia were tested for anti-HIV-1/2 by ELISA. All ELISA repeatedly reactive samples were subjected f...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268801006604
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) can be spread by a variety of mechanisms, including wind. Simulation models, developed to predict the risk of airborne spread, have played an important part in decision making in some outbreaks. The amount of airborne virus excreted as well as the minimal infectious dose (MID) of FM...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268801006501
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated which vaccination schedule gives best protection to the vaccinating population, in case there is a measles epidemic in an area with low vaccine coverage. We considered combinations of an early measles vaccination (none, at 6 months or at 9 months), a measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination around the f...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268801006409
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We compared gastroenteritis cases that consulted a general practitioner (GP) with those who did not in a community-based study and also with those in a GP-based study. We aimed to identify factors associated with consultation, and with inclusion of cases by GPs, and secondly to study the effects on the frequency of de...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268801006082
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This descriptive study investigated an outbreak of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection among injecting drug users (IDUs) and their contacts. Twenty-seven cases of acute HAV infection were identified in a 5-month period. Connections with the local injecting drug using (IDU) population were established for 25 of the cases...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268801006185
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cattle are considered to be a reservoir host of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and contaminated foods of bovine origin are important vehicles of human infection. In this study, the susceptibility of calves to experimental E. coli O157:H7 infection following low oral exposures was determined. Two of 17 calves exposed to very...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095026880100615x
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We prospectively studied diarrhoea incidence among 1655 children < 5 years of age in northern Vietnam for 1 year using primarily passive surveillance. Standard culture methods were used to detect bacterial pathogens. Overall 2160 cases occurred (13 cases/child per year). Peak rates of diarrhoea occurred in children < ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268801005933
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A serological study of hepatitis A was carried out in low-income areas scheduled for a major sanitation programme in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Blood spots were collected by finger puncture and transported on filter paper, and total antibodies to hepatitis A virus were detected by ELISA. Households were also interviewed ...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268801005945
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two epidemics of acute, watery diarrhoea in villages in North Arcot district, India, were investigated. The attack rates were 10.03 and 15.53 per 100 population, the median duration was 5 days and enteric pathogens were present in 56.8% and 60.3% of specimens from the two villages, but no predominant pathogen was iden...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268801005799
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phenotypic and genotypic profiles of the V. cholerae strains causing the Mozambican 1997-8 epidemic were characterized to provide a reference for comparison with other epidemic strains. A total of 75 strains of V. cholerae O1 isolated in different provinces, were analysed. Strains were characterized by PCR for det...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268801005623
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Individuals developing an HIV seroconversion illness may experience rapid disease progression. Information on seroconversion illness is rarely collected in most cohort studies, thus the aim of this study was to assess the value of the HIV test interval (the time between last negative and first positive HIV tests) as a...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268801005805
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This is the first study to provide a comprehensive insight into the molecular epidemiology of endemic Clostridium difficile and particularly that associated with a recently recognized epidemic strain. We DNA fingerprinted all C. difficile isolates from the stools of patients with symptomatic antibiotic-associated diar...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095026880100557x
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::We conducted a seroepidemiological study to evaluate the potential impact of mass varicella vaccination on the transmission of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in Italy, where vaccination is not mandatory. We tested 3179 serum samples, collected from September 1996 to October 1997, for specific anti-VZV antibodies using a...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268801005398
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A survey of the seroprevalence of pertussis antibodies in a representative sample of the population from Catalonia was carried out. Ninety-seven municipalities and 30 schools were randomly selected to recruit the 2126 subjects who participated in the study. A serum sample was obtained from all individuals participatin...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268801005325
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluated the roles of multiple factors in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, with emphasis on the modification of various individual characteristics on the risk associated with percutaneous exposure to blood. Serum samples taken from 4869 men in Taiwan within a cohort study were tested for HCV antibody. Th...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268801005362
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Deterministic models were employed to investigate the biology of Trypanosoma evansi infection in the Indonesian buffalo. Models were fitted to two age-structured data sets of infection. The Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible (SIS) model was the best supported description of this infection, although the results of the an...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Northern Territory of Australia has had historically very high incidence rates of invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b disease in children less than 5 years of age, with the burden of disease greatest among Aboriginal infants less than 12 months. This study documents the impact of conjugate Hib vaccines introduc...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268801005155
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::An outbreak of gastro-enteritis occurred in a community of 2213 persons located near the city of Ioannina, in North-western Greece. Two hundreds and eighty-eight inhabitants of the village of Eleoussa, suffered from gastro-enteritis between 11 and 22 October. The peak of the epidemic occurred during the first 3 days (...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800004866
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plague is a re-emerging disease endemic in at least 24 countries. Non-endemic countries should be able to confirm plague to prevent outbreaks due to imported cases. We established a combination of a IgG/IgM screening ELISA and a confirmation immunoblot employing F1 capsular antigen (CA) for the serodiagnosis of plague...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s0950268800004647
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B exposure in the population of the Republic of Ireland, by measuring the prevalence of hepatitis B anti-core antibody in oral fluid collected by postal survey. A random multi-stage stratified sample of Irish households was obtained, using the Irish ele...
journal_title:Epidemiology and infection
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/s095026880000491x
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00